web-developer/references/skills.md

Competences — web developer

Source: ESCO v1.2.1 occupation-skill relations (http://data.europa.eu/esco/occupation/c40a2919-48a9-40ea-b506-1f34f693496d).

Essential

• analyse software specifications (skill/competence)
• collect customer feedback on applications (skill/competence)
• computer programming (knowledge)
• content development processes (knowledge)
• create flowchart diagram (skill/competence)
• debug software (skill/competence)
• develop digital content (skill/competence)
• develop software prototype (skill/competence)
• domain name service (knowledge)
• ICT debugging tools (knowledge)
• implement front-end website design (skill/competence)
• integrated development environment software (knowledge)
• interpret technical texts (skill/competence)
• Joomla (knowledge)
• style sheet languages (knowledge)
• tools for software configuration management (knowledge)
• translate requirements into visual design (skill/competence)
• use an application-specific interface (skill/competence)
• use e-services (skill/competence)
• use markup languages (skill/competence)
• use software design patterns (skill/competence)
• use software libraries (skill/competence)
• web based collaborative platforms (knowledge)
• web programming (knowledge)
• web services (knowledge)
• World Wide Web Consortium standards (knowledge)

Optional

• ABAP (knowledge)
• adapt to changes in technological development plans (skill/competence)
• AJAX (knowledge)
• Ansible (knowledge)
• Apache Maven (knowledge)
• APL (knowledge)
• ASP.NET (knowledge)
• Assembly (computer programming) (knowledge)
• augmented reality (knowledge)
• C# (knowledge)
• C++ (knowledge)
• COBOL (knowledge)
• CoffeeScript (knowledge)
• Common Lisp (knowledge)
• compose description for web elements (skill/competence)
• conduct content quality assurance (skill/competence)
• CSS (knowledge)
• design user interface (skill/competence)
• develop creative ideas (skill/competence)
• Eclipse (integrated development environment software) (knowledge)
• Erlang (knowledge)
• Groovy (knowledge)
• Haskell (knowledge)
• IBM WebSphere (knowledge)
• ICT security legislation (knowledge)
• implement anti-virus software (skill/competence)
• Java (computer programming) (knowledge)
• JavaScript (knowledge)
• JavaScript Framework (knowledge)
• Jenkins (tools for software configuration management) (knowledge)
• JSSS (knowledge)
• KDevelop (knowledge)
• LESS (knowledge)
• Lisp (knowledge)
• MATLAB (knowledge)
• Microsoft Visual C++ (knowledge)
• migrate existing data (skill/competence)
• ML (computer programming) (knowledge)
• Objective-C (knowledge)
• object-oriented modelling (knowledge)
• OpenEdge Advanced Business Language (knowledge)
• Pascal (computer programming) (knowledge)
• Perl (knowledge)
• PHP (knowledge)
• Prolog (computer programming) (knowledge)
• Puppet (tools for software configuration management) (knowledge)
• Python (computer programming) (knowledge)
• R (knowledge)
• Ruby (computer programming) (knowledge)
• Salt (tools for software configuration management) (knowledge)
• SAP R3 (knowledge)
• SAS language (knowledge)
• Sass (knowledge)
• Scala (knowledge)
• Scratch (computer programming) (knowledge)
• Smalltalk (computer programming) (knowledge)
• software anomalies (knowledge)
• SPARK (knowledge)
• STAF (knowledge)
• Swift (computer programming) (knowledge)
• TypeScript (knowledge)
• use automatic programming (skill/competence)
• use concurrent programming (skill/competence)
• use functional programming (skill/competence)
• use logic programming (skill/competence)
• use object-oriented programming (skill/competence)
• use presentation software (skill/competence)
• use query languages (skill/competence)
• use word processing software (skill/competence)
• utilise computer-aided software engineering tools (skill/competence)
• VBScript (knowledge)
• Visual Basic (knowledge)
• web application security threats (knowledge)
• WebCMS (knowledge)
• WildFly (knowledge)
• WordPress (knowledge)
• Xcode (knowledge)

Market evidence (job-ad analysis, 8 ads, as of 2026-07-20)

Share of analyzed job ads mentioning the item (threshold ≥ 20 %). Source: JSearch/Adzuna APIs.

Hard skills

• web development — 38 %
• web application development — 25 %
• configuration management — 25 %
• accessibility compliance — 12 %
• api development — 12 %
• api integration — 12 %
• application security — 12 %
• artificial intelligence — 12 %
• data analysis — 12 %
• data cataloging — 12 %
• data governance — 12 %
• data modeling — 12 %
• data protection — 12 %
• data visualization — 12 %
• database design — 12 %
• compliance support — 12 %
• customer onboarding — 12 %
• frontend development — 12 %
• front-end interface design — 12 %
• graphic design — 12 %
• incident response — 12 %
• informational architecture — 12 %
• web application design — 12 %
• vulnerability management — 12 %
• webmaster tools — 12 %
• websocket programming — 12 %
• web design — 12 %
• security patching — 12 %
• system administration — 12 %
• system design — 12 %
• threat mitigation — 12 %
• threat modeling — 12 %
• ui application building — 12 %
• machine learning — 12 %
• media submission — 12 %
• metadata management — 12 %
• natural language processing — 12 %
• net development — 12 %
• problem solving — 12 %
• requirements gathering — 12 %
• rest api integration — 12 %
• results visualization — 12 %
• secure coding practices — 12 %
• secure software development lifecycle (ssdlc) — 12 %
• security assessments — 12 %
• security data analysis — 12 %
• software development — 12 %
• software development lifecycle — 12 %

Methods

• agile development — 38 %
• devsecops — 25 %
• component-based development — 12 %
• infrastructure as code (IaC) — 12 %
• file integrity monitoring (fim) — 12 %
• end-to-end testing — 12 %
• event-driven architecture — 12 %
• continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD) — 12 %
• ci/cd pipelines — 12 %
• code reviews — 12 %
• automated deployment pipelines — 12 %
• backend-for-frontend (BFF) — 12 %
• backlog refinement — 12 %
• sprint planning — 12 %
• section 508 accessibility standards — 12 %
• mlops — 12 %
• log analysis — 12 %
• streaming data pipelines — 12 %
• workflow methodology — 12 %

Responsibilities

• workflow automation — 12 %
• website management — 12 %
• web portal enhancement — 12 %
• web portal sustainment — 12 %
• vulnerability remediation — 12 %
• waf configuration — 12 %
• testable code delivery — 12 %
• web application maintenance — 12 %
• request resolution — 12 %
• system operation — 12 %
• technical documentation — 12 %
• technical infrastructure support — 12 %
• ui development — 12 %
• usage reporting — 12 %
• threat modeling — 12 %
• training development — 12 %
• media visualization experience creation — 12 %
• multimedia project management — 12 %
• production issue support — 12 %
• performance enhancement — 12 %
• responsive design implementation — 12 %
• security event investigation — 12 %
• security maintenance — 12 %
• bff development — 12 %
• bug resolution — 12 %
• analytics delivery — 12 %
• application security reviews — 12 %
• architecture design — 12 %
• api integration — 12 %
• application maintenance — 12 %
• feature implementation — 12 %
• enhancement support — 12 %
• data access mechanism implementation — 12 %
• customer onboarding experience creation — 12 %
• compliance support — 12 %
• deployment support — 12 %